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Internet Engineering Task Force Dulaunoy
Internet-Draft CIRCL
Intended status: Informational Kaplan
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Abstract
This document describes the output format used between Passive DNS
query interface. The output format description includes also a
query interfaces. The output format description includes also a
common meaning per Passive DNS system.
Status of This Memo
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
@ -62,35 +61,57 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.2. zone_time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.3. zone_time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5. Additional Fields Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4.2. zone_time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4.3. zone_time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5. Additional Fields Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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1. Introduction
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their search. This document describes the output format of four
Passive DNS Systems ([DNSDB],[PDNSCERTAT], [PDNSCIRCL] and [PDNSCOF])
which are in use today and which already share a nearly identical
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output format. As the format and the meaning of output fields from
each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose in this document a
solution to commonly name each field along with their corresponding
interpretation. The format format is following a simple key-value
structure in JSON [RFC4627] format. The benefit of having a
consistent Passive DNS output format is that multiple client
implementations can query different servers without having to have a
separate parser for each individual server. passivedns-client
[PDNSCLIENT]currently implements multiple parsers due to a lack of
standardization. The document does not describe the protocol (e.g.
WHOIS [RFC3912], HTTP REST [REST]) nor the query format used to query
the Passive DNS. Neither does this document describe "pre-recursor"
Passive DNS Systems.
interpretation. The format is following a simple key-value structure
in JSON [RFC4627] format. The benefit of having a consistent Passive
DNS output format is that multiple client implementations can query
different servers without having to have a separate parser for each
individual server. passivedns-client [PDNSCLIENT]currently implements
multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization. The document does
not describe the protocol (e.g. WHOIS [RFC3912], HTTP REST [REST])
nor the query format used to query the Passive DNS. Neither does
this document describe "pre-recursor" Passive DNS Systems. Both of
these are separate topics and deserve their own RFC document.
1.1. Requirements Language
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Limitation
As a Passive DNS can include protection mechanisms for their
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DNS Database from cache poisoning attacks [CACHEPOISONING]. Another
limitiation that clients querying the database need to be aware of is
that each query simply gets an snapshot-answer of the time of
querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent answers.
querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent answers. Not must
they assume that answers must be identical across multiple Passive
DNS Servers.
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3. Common Output Format
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A sample output using the JSON format:
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... (list of )...
{ "count": 97167,
"time_first": "1277353744",
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Implementation MUST support all the mandatory fields.
The tuple (rrtype,rrname,rdata) will always be unique within one
The tuple (rrname,rrtype,rdata) will always be unique within one
answer per server.
3.2.1. rrname
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3597 [RFC3597]. The resource record type can be any values as
described by IANA in the DNS parameters document in the section 'DNS
Label types' (http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters).
Currently known and supported textual descritptions of rrtypes are:
A, AAAA, CNAME, PTR, SOA, TXT, DNAME, NS, SRV, RP, NAPTR, HINFO, A6 A
Currently known and supported textual descriptions of rrtypes are: A,
AAAA, CNAME, PTR, SOA, TXT, DNAME, NS, SRV, RP, NAPTR, HINFO, A6. A
client MUST be able to understand these textual rtype values. In
addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as
mentioned above) as answer.
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3.2.3. rdata
This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general,
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3.2.4. time_first
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This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple
(rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date
is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
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3.3. Optional Fields
Implementation SHOULD support one or more field.
Implementations SHOULD support one or more field.
3.3.1. count
Specifies how many answers were received with the set of answers
(i.e. same data). The number of requests is expressed as a decimal
value.
Specifies how many authoritative DNS answers were received at the
Passive DNS Server's collectors with the set of answers (i.e. same
data). The number of requests is expressed as a decimal value.
Specifies the number of times this particular event denoted by the
other type fields has been seen in the given time interval (between
time_last and time_first).
time_last and time_first). Decimal number.
3.3.2. bailiwick
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Implementations MAY support the following fields:
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3.4.1. sensor_id
This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen.
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is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
(unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
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3.4.3. zone_time_last
This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname,
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In accordance with [RFC6648], designers of new passive DNS
applications that would need additional fields can request and
register new field name at https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof/wiki/
Additional-Fields.
register new field name at
https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof/wiki/Additional-Fields.
4. Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Passive DNS developers who contributed to the document.
5. IANA Considerations
This memo includes no request to IANA.
6. Security Considerations
In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential
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querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the
sensitivity of the data must be considered.
7. References
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7.1. Normative References
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
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[RFC3912] Daigle, L., "WHOIS Protocol Specification", RFC 3912,
September 2004.
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[RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.
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[PDNSCERTAT]
"pDNS presentation at 4th Centr R&D workshop Frankfurt Jun
5th 2012", 2012, <http://www.centr.org/system/files/agenda
/attachment/rd4-papst-passive_dns.pdf>.
5th 2012", 2012, <http://www.centr.org/system/files/
agenda/attachment/rd4-papst-passive_dns.pdf>.
[PDNSCIRCL]
"CIRCL Passive DNS", 2012, <http://pdns.circl.lu/>.
[PDNSCLIENT]
"Queries 5 major Passive DNS databases: BFK, CERTEE,
DNSParse, ISC, and VirusTotal.", 2013, <https://github.com
/chrislee35/passivedns-client>.
[PDNSCOF] "Passive DNS server interface using the common output
format", 2013, <https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof-server/
>.
[REST] "Representational State Transfer (REST)", 2000,
<http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/
rest_arch_style.htm>.
[WEINERPDNS]
"Passive DNS Replication", 2005, <http://www.enyo.de/fw/
software/dnslogger/first2005-paper.pdf>.
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[PDNSCLIENT]
"Queries 5 major Passive DNS databases: BFK, CERTEE,
DNSParse, ISC, and VirusTotal.", 2013,
<https://github.com/chrislee35/passivedns-client>.
[PDNSCOF] "Passive DNS server interface using the common output
format", 2013,
<https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof-server/>.
[REST] "Representational State Transfer (REST)", 2000, <http://
www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/
rest_arch_style.htm>.
[WEINERPDNS]
"Passive DNS Replication", 2005, <http://www.enyo.de/fw/
software/dnslogger/first2005-paper.pdf>.
7.3. Informative References
[I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", draft-narten-iana-
considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in progress), March
2008.
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs",
draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in
progress), March 2008.
[RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC
Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552, July
2003.
Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552,
July 2003.
Authors' Addresses
Alexandre Dulaunoy
CIRCL
41, avenue de la gare
Luxembourg L-1611
Luxembourg, L-1611
LU
Phone: (+352) 247 88444
@ -419,24 +436,6 @@ Authors' Addresses
URI: http://www.circl.lu/
Leon Aaron Kaplan
CERT.at
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
Vienna A-1010
AT
Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
Email: kaplan@cert.at
URI: http://www.cert.at/
Paul Vixie
Farsight Security, Inc.
Email: paul@redbarn.org
URI: /
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Leon Aaron Kaplan
CERT.at
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
Vienna, A-1010
AT
Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
Email: kaplan@cert.at
URI: http://www.cert.at/
Paul Vixie
Farsight Security, Inc.
Phone:
Email: paul@redbarn.org
URI: /
Henry Stern
Cisco
1741 Brunswick Street, Suite 500
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