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394 lines
20 KiB
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<HTML>
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<PRE>
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<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
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<!-- Tiny bit of hand editing by GHS -->
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ssldump - dump SSL traffic on a network
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</PRE>
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<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
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<B>ssldump</B> [ <B>-vtaTnsAxXhHVNdq</B> ] [ <B>-r</B> <I>dumpfile</I> ]
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[ <B>-i</B> <I>interface</I> ] [ <B>-k</B> <I>keyfile</I> ] [ <B>-p</B> <I>password</I> ] [ <I>expression</I> ]
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</PRE>
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<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
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<I>ssldump</I> is an SSL/TLS network protocol analyzer. It iden-
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tifies TCP connections on the chosen network interface and
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attempts to interpret them as SSL/TLS traffic. When it
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identifies SSL/TLS traffic, it decodes the records and
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displays them in a textual form to stdout. If provided
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with the appropriate keying material, it will also decrypt
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the connections and display the application data traffic.
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ssldump has been tested on FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, and
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HP/UX. Since it's based on PCAP, it should work on most
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platforms. However, unlike tcpdump, ssldump needs to be
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able to see both sides of the data transmission so you may
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have trouble using it with network taps such as SunOS nit
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that don't permit you to see transmitted data. <B>Under</B>
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<B>SunOS</B> <B>with</B> <B>nit</B> <B>or</B> <B>bpf:</B> To run <I>tcpdump</I> you must have read
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access to <I>/dev/nit</I> or <I>/dev/bpf*</I>. <B>Under</B> <B>Solaris</B> <B>with</B> <B>dlpi:</B>
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You must have read access to the network pseudo device,
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e.g. <I>/dev/le</I>. <B>Under</B> <B>HP-UX</B> <B>with</B> <B>dlpi:</B> You must be root or
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it must be installed setuid to root. <B>Under</B> <B>IRIX</B> <B>with</B>
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<B>snoop:</B> You must be root or it must be installed setuid to
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root. <B>Under</B> <B>Linux:</B> You must be root or it must be
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installed setuid to root. <B>Under</B> <B>Ultrix</B> <B>and</B> <B>Digital</B> <B>UNIX:</B>
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Once the super-user has enabled promiscuous-mode operation
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using <B>pfconfig(8)</B>, any user may run <B>ssldump</B> <B>Under</B> <B>BSD:</B> You
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must have read access to <I>/dev/bpf*</I>.
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</PRE>
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<H2>OPTIONS</H2><PRE>
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<B>-a</B> Print bare TCP ACKs (useful for observing Nagle behav-
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ior)
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<B>-A</B> Print all record fields (by default ssldump chooses
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the most interesting fields)
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<B>-d</B> Display the application data traffic. This usually
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means decrypting it, but when -d is used ssldump
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will also decode application data traffic _before_
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the SSL session initiates. This allows you to see
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HTTPS CONNECT behavior as well as SMTP STARTTLS. As
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a side effect, since ssldump can't tell whether
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plaintext is traffic before the initiation of an
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SSL connection or just a regular TCP connection,
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this allows you to use ssldump to sniff any TCP
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connection. ssldump will automatically detect
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ASCII data and display it directly to the screen.
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<B>-e</B> Print absolute timestamps instead of relative
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timestamps
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<B>-r</B> Read data from <I>file</I> instead of from the network.
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The old -f option still works but is deprecated and
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will probably be removed with the next version.
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<B>-H</B>
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Print the full SSL packet header.
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<B>-k</B> Use <I>keyfile</I> as the location of the SSL keyfile
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(OpenSSL format) ssldump automatically looks in
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./server.pem.
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<B>-n</B> Don't try to resolve host names from IP addresses
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<B>-N</B> Attempt to parse ASN.1 when it appears, such as in
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certificates and DNs.
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<B>-p</B> Use <I>password</I> as the SSL keyfile password default is
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"password".
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<B>-q</B> Don't decode any record fields beyond a single sum-
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mary line. (quiet mode).
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<B>-x</B> Print each record in hex, as well as decoding it.
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<B>-X</B> When the -d option is used, binary data is automat-
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ically printed in two columns with a hex dump on
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the left and the printable characters on the right.
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-X suppresses the display of the printable charac-
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ters, thus making it easier to cut and paste the
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hext data into some other program. <B>-y</B> Decorate the
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output for processing with troff. Not very useful
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for the average user.
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<I>expression</I>
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Selects what packets ssldump will examine. Techni-
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cally speaking, ssldump supports the full expres-
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sion syntax from PCAP and tcpdump. In fact, the
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description here is cribbed from the tcpdump man
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page. However, since ssldump needs to examine full
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TCP streams, most of the tcpdump expressions will
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select traffic mixes that ssldump will simply
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ignore. Only the expressions which don't result in
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incomplete TCP streams are listed here.
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The <I>expression</I> consists of one or more <I>primitives.</I>
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Primitives usually consist of an <I>id</I> (name or num-
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ber) preceded by one or more qualifiers. There are
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three different kinds of qualifier:
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are <B>host</B>, <B>net</B> and <B>port</B>. E.g., `host foo',
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`net 128.3', `port 20'. If there is no type
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qualifier, <B>host</B> is assumed.
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<I>dir</I> qualifiers specify a particular transfer
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direction to and/or from <I>id.</I> Possible
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directions are <B>src</B>, <B>dst</B>, <B>src</B> <B>or</B> <B>dst</B> and <B>src</B>
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<B>and</B> <B>dst</B>. E.g., `src foo', `dst net 128.3',
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`src or dst port ftp-data'. If there is no
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dir qualifier, <B>src</B> <B>or</B> <B>dst</B> is assumed. For
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`null' link layers (i.e. point to point pro-
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tocols such as slip) the <B>inbound</B> and <B>out-</B>
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<B>bound</B> qualifiers can be used to specify a
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desired direction.
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More complex filter expressions are built up by
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using the words <B>and</B>, <B>or</B> and <B>not</B> to combine primi-
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tives. E.g., `host foo and not port ftp and not
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port ftp-data'. To save typing, identical quali-
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fier lists can be omitted. E.g., `tcp dst port ftp
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or ftp-data or domain' is exactly the same as `tcp
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dst port ftp or tcp dst port ftp-data or tcp dst
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port domain'.
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Allowable primitives are:
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<B>dst</B> <B>host</B> <I>host</I>
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True if the IPv4/v6 destination field of the
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packet is <I>host</I>, which may be either an
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address or a name.
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<B>src</B> <B>host</B> <I>host</I>
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True if the IPv4/v6 source field of the
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packet is <I>host</I>.
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<B>host</B> <I>host</I>
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True if either the IPv4/v6 source or desti-
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nation of the packet is <I>host</I>. Any of the
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above host expressions can be prepended with
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the keywords, <B>ip</B>, <B>arp</B>, <B>rarp</B>, or <B>ip6</B> as in:
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<B>ip</B> <B>host</B> <I>host</I>
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which is equivalent to:
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<B>ether</B> <B>proto</B> <I>\ip</I> <B>and</B> <B>host</B> <I>host</I>
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If <I>host</I> is a name with multiple IP
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addresses, each address will be checked for
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a match.
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<B>ether</B> <B>dst</B> <I>ehost</I>
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True if the ethernet destination address is
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<I>ehost</I>. <I>Ehost</I> may be either a name from
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/etc/ethers or a number (see <B>ethers(3N)</B> for
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numeric format).
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True if the ethernet source address is
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<I>ehost</I>.
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<B>ether</B> <B>host</B> <I>ehost</I>
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True if either the ethernet source or desti-
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nation address is <I>ehost</I>.
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<B>gateway</B> <I>host</I>
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True if the packet used <I>host</I> as a gateway.
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I.e., the ethernet source or destination
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address was <I>host</I> but neither the IP source
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nor the IP destination was <I>host</I>. <I>Host</I> must
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be a name and must be found in both
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/etc/hosts and /etc/ethers. (An equivalent
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expression is
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<B>ether</B> <B>host</B> <I>ehost</I> <B>and</B> <B>not</B> <B>host</B> <I>host</I>
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which can be used with either names or num-
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bers for <I>host</I> <I>/</I> <I>ehost</I>.) This syntax does
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not work in IPv6-enabled configuration at
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this moment.
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<B>dst</B> <B>net</B> <I>net</I>
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True if the IPv4/v6 destination address of
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the packet has a network number of <I>net</I>. <I>Net</I>
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may be either a name from /etc/networks or a
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network number (see <I>networks(4)</I> for
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details).
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<B>src</B> <B>net</B> <I>net</I>
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True if the IPv4/v6 source address of the
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packet has a network number of <I>net</I>.
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<B>net</B> <I>net</I>
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True if either the IPv4/v6 source or desti-
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nation address of the packet has a network
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number of <I>net</I>.
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<B>net</B> <I>net</I> <B>mask</B> <I>mask</I>
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True if the IP address matches <I>net</I> with the
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specific netmask. May be qualified with <B>src</B>
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or <B>dst</B>. Note that this syntax is not valid
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for IPv6 <I>net</I>.
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<B>net</B> <I>net</I>/<I>len</I>
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True if the IPv4/v6 address matches <I>net</I> a
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netmask <I>len</I> bits wide. May be qualified
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with <B>src</B> or <B>dst</B>.
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<B>dst</B> <B>port</B> <I>port</I>
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True if the packet is ip/tcp, ip/udp,
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ip6/tcp or ip6/udp and has a destination
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port value of <I>port</I>. The <I>port</I> can be a num-
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both the port number and protocol are
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checked. If a number or ambiguous name is
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used, only the port number is checked (e.g.,
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<B>dst</B> <B>port</B> <B>513</B> will print both tcp/login traf-
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fic and udp/who traffic, and <B>port</B> <B>domain</B>
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will print both tcp/domain and udp/domain
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traffic).
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<B>src</B> <B>port</B> <I>port</I>
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True if the packet has a source port value
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of <I>port</I>.
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<B>port</B> <I>port</I>
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True if either the source or destination
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port of the packet is <I>port</I>. Any of the
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above port expressions can be prepended with
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the keywords, <B>tcp</B> or <B>udp</B>, as in:
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<B>tcp</B> <B>src</B> <B>port</B> <I>port</I>
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which matches only tcp packets whose source
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port is <I>port</I>.
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Primitives may be combined using:
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A parenthesized group of primitives and
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operators (parentheses are special to the
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Shell and must be escaped).
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Negation (`<B>!</B>' or `<B>not</B>').
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Concatenation (`<B>&&</B>' or `<B>and</B>').
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Alternation (`<B>||</B>' or `<B>or</B>').
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Negation has highest precedence. Alternation and
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concatenation have equal precedence and associate
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left to right. Note that explicit <B>and</B> tokens, not
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juxtaposition, are now required for concatenation.
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If an identifier is given without a keyword, the
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most recent keyword is assumed. For example,
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<B>not</B> <B>host</B> <B>vs</B> <B>and</B> <B>ace</B>
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is short for
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<B>not</B> <B>host</B> <B>vs</B> <B>and</B> <B>host</B> <B>ace</B>
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which should not be confused with
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<B>not</B> <B>(</B> <B>host</B> <B>vs</B> <B>or</B> <B>ace</B> <B>)</B>
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Expression arguments can be passed to ssldump as
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either a single argument or as multiple arguments,
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whichever is more convenient. Generally, if the
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expression contains Shell metacharacters, it is
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easier to pass it as a single, quoted argument.
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Multiple arguments are concatenated with spaces
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To listen to traffic on interface <I>le0</I> port <I>443</I>
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<B>ssldump</B> <B>-i</B> <B>le0</B> <B>port</B> <B>443</B>
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To listen to traffic to the server <I>romeo</I> on port <I>443</I>.
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<B>ssldump</B> <B>-i</B> <B>le0</B> <B>port</B> <B>443</B> <B>and</B> <B>host</B> <B>romeo</B>
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To decrypt traffic to to host <I>romeo</I> <I>server.pem</I> and the
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password <I>foobar</I>
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<B>ssldump</B> <B>-Ad</B> <B>-k</B> <B>~/server.pem</B> <B>-p</B> <B>foobar</B> <B>-i</B> <B>le0</B> <B>host</B> <B>romeo</B>
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</PRE>
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<H2>OUTPUT FORMAT</H2><PRE>
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All output is printed to standard out.
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ssldump prints an indication of every new TCP connection
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using a line like the following
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<B>New</B> <B>TCP</B> <B>connection</B> <B>#2:</B> <B>iromeo.rtfm.com(2302)</B> <B><-></B> <B>sr1.rtfm.com(4433)</B>
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The host which send the first SYN is printed on the left
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and the host which responded is printed on the right.
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Ordinarily, this means that the SSL client will be printed
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on the left with the SSL server on the right. In this case
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we have a connection from <I>iromeo.rtfm.com</I> (port <I>2303</I>) to
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<I>sr1.rtfm.com</I> (port <I>4433</I>). To allow the user to disentangle
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traffic from different connections, each connection is
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numbered. This is connection <I>2</I>.
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The printout of each SSL record begins with a record line.
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This line contains the connection and record number, a
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timestamp, and the record type, as in the following:
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<B>2</B> <B>3</B> <B>0.2001</B> <B>(0.0749)</B> <B>S>C</B> <B>Handshake</B> <B>Certificate</B>
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This is record <I>3</I> on connection <I>2</I>. The first timestamp is
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the time since the beginning of the connection. The second
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is the time since the previous record. Both are in sec-
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onds.
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The next field in the record line is the direction that
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the record was going. <I>C>S</I> indicates records transmitted
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from client to server and <I>S>C</I> indicates records transmit-
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ted from server to client. ssldump assumes that the host
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to transmit the first SYN is the SSL client (this is
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nearly always correct).
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The next field is the record type, one of <I>Handshake</I>,
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<I>IAlert</I>, <I>ChangeCipherSpec</I>, or <I>application</I><B>_</B><I>data</I>. Finally,
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ssldump may print record-specific data on the rest of the
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line. For <I>Handshake</I> records, it prints the handshake mes-
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sage. Thus, this record is a <I>Certificate</I> message.
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ssldump chooses certain record types for further decoding.
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<I>ClientHello</I> - version, offered cipher suites, session id
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if provided)
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<I>ServerHello</I> - version, session_id, chosen cipher suite,
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compression method
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<I>Alert</I> - type and level (if obtainable)
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Fuller decoding of the various records can be obtained by
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using the <B>-A</B> , <B>-d</B> , <B>-k</B> and <B>-p</B> flags.
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</PRE>
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<H2>DECRYPTION</H2><PRE>
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ssldump can decrypt traffic between two hosts if the fol-
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lowing two conditions are met:
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1. ssldump has the keys.
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2. Static RSA was used.
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In any other case, once encryption starts, ssldump will
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only be able to determine the record type. Consider the
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following section of a trace.
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<B>1</B> <B>5</B> <B>0.4129</B> <B>(0.1983)</B> <B>C>S</B> <B>Handshake</B> <B>ClientKeyExchange</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>6</B> <B>0.4129</B> <B>(0.0000)</B> <B>C>S</B> <B>ChangeCipherSpec</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>7</B> <B>0.4129</B> <B>(0.0000)</B> <B>C>S</B> <B>Handshake</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>8</B> <B>0.5585</B> <B>(0.1456)</B> <B>S>C</B> <B>ChangeCipherSpec</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>9</B> <B>0.6135</B> <B>(0.0550)</B> <B>S>C</B> <B>Handshake</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>10</B> <B>2.3121</B> <B>(1.6986)</B> <B>C>S</B> <B>application_data</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>11</B> <B>2.5336</B> <B>(0.2214)</B> <B>C>S</B> <B>application_data</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>12</B> <B>2.5545</B> <B>(0.0209)</B> <B>S>C</B> <B>application_data</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>13</B> <B>2.5592</B> <B>(0.0046)</B> <B>S>C</B> <B>application_data</B>
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<B>1</B> <B>14</B> <B>2.5592</B> <B>(0.0000)</B> <B>S>C</B> <B>Alert</B>
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Note that the <I>ClientKeyExchange</I> message type is printed
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but the rest of the <I>Handshake</I> messages do not have types.
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These are the <I>Finished</I> messages, but because they are
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encrypted ssldump only knows that they are of type <I>Hand-</I>
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<I>shake</I>. Similarly, had the <I>Alert</I> in record 14 happened
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during the handshake, it's type and level would have been
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printed. However, since it is encrypted we can only tell
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that it is an alert.
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</PRE>
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<H2>BUGS</H2><PRE>
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Please send bug reports to ssldump@rtfm.com.
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The TCP reassembler is not perfect. No attempt is made to
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reassemble IP fragments and the 3-way handshake and close
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handshake are imperfectly implemented. In practice, this
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turns out not to be much of a problem.
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Support is provided for only for Ethernet and loopback
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interfaces because that's all that I have. If you have
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another kind of network you will need to modify pcap_cb in
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base/pcap-snoop.c. If you have direct experience with ssldump
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on other networks, please send me patches.
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|
ssldump doesn't implement session caching and therefore
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can't decrypt resumed sessions.
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|
|
|
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|
</PRE>
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<HR>
|
|
<ADDRESS>
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|
Man(1) output converted with
|
|
<a href="http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/man2html.html">man2html</a>
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</ADDRESS>
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|