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Internet Engineering Task Force Dulaunoy Internet Engineering Task Force Dulaunoy
Internet-Draft CIRCL Internet-Draft CIRCL
Intended status: Informational Kaplan Intended status: Informational Kaplan
Expires: October 13, 2013 CERT.at Expires: October 3, 2013 CERT.at
Vixie Vixie
ISC Farsight Security, Inc.
hs Stern hs. Stern
Cisco Cisco
April 2013 April 2013
Passive DNS - Common Output Format Passive DNS - Common Output Format
draft-ietf-dulaunoy-kaplan-pdns-cof-01 draft-ietf-dulaunoy-kaplan-pdns-cof-01
@ -22,53 +23,95 @@ Abstract
Status of this Memo Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 13, 2013. By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
Copyright Notice Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
document authors. All rights reserved. and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This Internet-Draft will expire on October 3, 2013.
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Appendix A. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 9
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3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Appendix A. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
@ -90,12 +133,12 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
simple key-value structure in JSON [RFC4627] format. The benefit of simple key-value structure in JSON [RFC4627] format. The benefit of
having a consistent Passive DNS output format is that multiple client having a consistent Passive DNS output format is that multiple client
implementations can query different servers without having to have a implementations can query different servers without having to have a
separate parser for each individual server. [http://code.google.com/ separate parser for each individual server.
p/passive-dns-query-tool/] currently implements multiple parsers due [https://github.com/chrislee35/passivedns-client] currently
to a lack of standardization. The document does not describe the implements multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization. The
protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or XMPP) nor the query format used document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or
to query the Passive DNS. Neither does this document describe "pre- XMPP) nor the query format used to query the Passive DNS. Neither
recursor" Passive DNS Systems. does this document describe "pre-recursor" Passive DNS Systems.
1.1. Requirements Language 1.1. Requirements Language
@ -103,24 +146,28 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Limitation 2. Limitation
As a Passive DNS can include protection mechanisms for their As a Passive DNS can include protection mechanisms for their
operation, results might be different due to those protection operation, results might be different due to those protection
measures. These mechanisms filter out DNS answers if they fail some measures. These mechanisms filter out DNS answers if they fail some
criteria. The bailiwick algorithm (c.f. http://www.isc.org/files/ criteria. The bailiwick algorithm (c.f.
passive_dns_hardening_handout.pdf) protects the Passive DNS Database http://www.isc.org/files/passive_dns_hardening_handout.pdf) protects
from cache poisoning attacks [ref: Dan Kaminsky]. Another the Passive DNS Database from cache poisoning attacks [ref: Dan
limitiation that clients querying the database need to be aware of is Kaminsky]. Another limitiation that clients querying the database
need to be aware of is that each query simply gets an snapshot-answer
of the time of querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent
answers.
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that each query simply gets an snapshot-answer of the time of
querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent answers.
3. Common Output Format 3. Common Output Format
@ -170,17 +217,16 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as
mentioned above) as answer. mentioned above) as answer.
3.2.3. rdata
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3.2.3. rdata
This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general, This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general,
this is to be interpreted as string. Depending on the rtype, this this is to be interpreted as string. Depending on the rtype, this
can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address, a domain name (as in the case of can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address, a domain name (as in the case of
@ -194,9 +240,9 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
3.2.4. time_first 3.2.4. time_first
This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple
(rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is (rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date
expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970 (unix is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC. (unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
3.2.5. time_last 3.2.5. time_last
@ -224,6 +270,17 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
The bailiwick is the best estimate of the apex of the zone where this The bailiwick is the best estimate of the apex of the zone where this
data is authoritative. String. data is authoritative. String.
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3.4. Additional Fields 3.4. Additional Fields
Implementations MAY support the following fields: Implementations MAY support the following fields:
@ -234,20 +291,17 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
The sensor_id is an opaque byte string as defined by RFC 5001 in The sensor_id is an opaque byte string as defined by RFC 5001 in
section 2.3 [RFC5001]. section 2.3 [RFC5001].
4. Acknowledgements 4. Acknowledgements
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Thanks to the Passive DNS developers who contributed to the document. Thanks to the Passive DNS developers who contributed to the document.
5. IANA Considerations 5. IANA Considerations
This memo includes no request to IANA. This memo includes no request to IANA.
6. Security Considerations 6. Security Considerations
In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential
@ -255,6 +309,7 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the
sensitivity of the data must be considered. sensitivity of the data must be considered.
7. References 7. References
7.1. Normative References 7.1. Normative References
@ -274,34 +329,39 @@ Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title April 2013
[RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for [RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.
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[RFC5001] Austein, R., "DNS Name Server Identifier (NSID) Option", [RFC5001] Austein, R., "DNS Name Server Identifier (NSID) Option",
RFC 5001, August 2007. RFC 5001, August 2007.
[min_ref] authSurName, authInitials, "Minimal Reference", 2006. [min_ref] authSurName, authInitials., "Minimal Reference", 2006.
7.2. Informative References 7.2. Informative References
[I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis] [I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
Narten, T and H Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", Internet-Draft IANA Considerations Section in RFCs",
draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09, March draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in
2008. progress), March 2008.
[RFC2629] Rose, M.T., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629, [RFC2629] Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
June 1999. June 1999.
[RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC [RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC
Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552, July Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552,
2003. July 2003.
Appendix A. Appendix Appendix A. Appendix
This becomes an Appendix. This becomes an Appendix.
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Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
@ -316,6 +376,23 @@ Authors' Addresses
URI: http://www.circl.lu/ URI: http://www.circl.lu/
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Leon Aaron Kaplan Leon Aaron Kaplan
CERT.at CERT.at
Karlsplatz 1/2/9 Karlsplatz 1/2/9
@ -328,9 +405,11 @@ Authors' Addresses
Paul Vixie Paul Vixie
ISC Farsight Security, Inc.
Email: vixie@isc.org
Phone:
Email: paul@redbarn.org
URI: / URI: /
@ -359,4 +438,67 @@ Authors' Addresses
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Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2013).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
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Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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i-d/pdns-qof.xml
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As the format and the meaning of output fields from each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose in this document a solution to commonly name each field along with their corresponding interpretation. The format format is following a simple key-value structure in <xref target="RFC4627">JSON</xref> format. As the format and the meaning of output fields from each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose in this document a solution to commonly name each field along with their corresponding interpretation. The format format is following a simple key-value structure in <xref target="RFC4627">JSON</xref> format.
The benefit of having a consistent Passive DNS output format is that multiple client implementations can query different servers without having to have a separate parser for each The benefit of having a consistent Passive DNS output format is that multiple client implementations can query different servers without having to have a separate parser for each
individual server. [http://code.google.com/p/passive-dns-query-tool/] currently implements multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization. individual server. [https://github.com/chrislee35/passivedns-client] currently implements multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization.
The document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or XMPP) nor the query format used to query the Passive DNS. Neither does this document describe "pre-recursor" Passive DNS Systems. The document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or XMPP) nor the query format used to query the Passive DNS. Neither does this document describe "pre-recursor" Passive DNS Systems.
</t> </t>