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Internet Engineering Task Force Dulaunoy Internet Engineering Task Force Dulaunoy
Internet-Draft CIRCL Internet-Draft CIRCL
Intended status: Informational Kaplan Intended status: Informational Kaplan
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query interfaces. The output format description includes also a query interfaces. The output format description includes also a
common meaning per Passive DNS system. common meaning per Passive DNS system.
Status of this Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
@ -61,57 +62,35 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License. described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.2. zone_time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4.2. zone_time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.3. zone_time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4.3. zone_time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5. Additional Fields Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.5. Additional Fields Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7.3. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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their search. This document describes the output format of four their search. This document describes the output format of four
Passive DNS Systems ([DNSDB],[PDNSCERTAT], [PDNSCIRCL] and [PDNSCOF]) Passive DNS Systems ([DNSDB],[PDNSCERTAT], [PDNSCIRCL] and [PDNSCOF])
which are in use today and which already share a nearly identical which are in use today and which already share a nearly identical
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output format. As the format and the meaning of output fields from output format. As the format and the meaning of output fields from
each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose in this document a each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose in this document a
solution to commonly name each field along with their corresponding solution to commonly name each field along with their corresponding
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different servers without having to have a separate parser for each different servers without having to have a separate parser for each
individual server. passivedns-client [PDNSCLIENT]currently implements individual server. passivedns-client [PDNSCLIENT]currently implements
multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization. The document does multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization. The document does
not describe the protocol (e.g. WHOIS [RFC3912], HTTP REST [REST]) not describe the protocol (e.g. WHOIS [RFC3912], HTTP REST [REST])
nor the query format used to query the Passive DNS. Neither does nor the query format used to query the Passive DNS. Neither does
this document describe "pre-recursor" Passive DNS Systems. Both of this document describe "pre-recursor" Passive DNS Systems. Both of
these are separate topics and deserve their own RFC document. these are separate topics and deserve their own RFC document.
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Limitation 2. Limitation
As a Passive DNS can include protection mechanisms for their As a Passive DNS can include protection mechanisms for their
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they assume that answers must be identical across multiple Passive they assume that answers must be identical across multiple Passive
DNS Servers. DNS Servers.
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3. Common Output Format 3. Common Output Format
The formatting of the answer follows the JSON [RFC4627] format. The The formatting of the answer follows the JSON [RFC4627] format. The
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A sample output using the JSON format: A sample output using the JSON format:
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... (list of )... ... (list of )...
{ "count": 97167, { "count": 97167,
"time_first": "1277353744", "time_first": "1277353744",
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addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as
mentioned above) as answer. mentioned above) as answer.
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3.2.3. rdata 3.2.3. rdata
This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general, This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general,
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3.2.4. time_first 3.2.4. time_first
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This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple
(rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date (rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date
is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970 is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
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Implementations MAY support the following fields: Implementations MAY support the following fields:
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3.4.1. sensor_id 3.4.1. sensor_id
This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen. This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen.
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is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970 is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
(unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC. (unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
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3.4.3. zone_time_last 3.4.3. zone_time_last
This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname, This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname,
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In accordance with [RFC6648], designers of new passive DNS In accordance with [RFC6648], designers of new passive DNS
applications that would need additional fields can request and applications that would need additional fields can request and
register new field name at register new field name at https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof/wiki/
https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof/wiki/Additional-Fields. Additional-Fields.
4. Acknowledgements 4. Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Passive DNS developers who contributed to the document. Thanks to the Passive DNS developers who contributed to the document.
5. IANA Considerations 5. IANA Considerations
This memo includes no request to IANA. This memo includes no request to IANA.
6. Security Considerations 6. Security Considerations
In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential
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querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the
sensitivity of the data must be considered. sensitivity of the data must be considered.
7. References 7. References
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7.1. Normative References 7.1. Normative References
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", [RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
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[RFC3912] Daigle, L., "WHOIS Protocol Specification", RFC 3912, [RFC3912] Daigle, L., "WHOIS Protocol Specification", RFC 3912,
September 2004. September 2004.
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[RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for [RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.
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[PDNSCERTAT] [PDNSCERTAT]
"pDNS presentation at 4th Centr R&D workshop Frankfurt Jun "pDNS presentation at 4th Centr R&D workshop Frankfurt Jun
5th 2012", 2012, <http://www.centr.org/system/files/ 5th 2012", 2012, <http://www.centr.org/system/files/agenda
agenda/attachment/rd4-papst-passive_dns.pdf>. /attachment/rd4-papst-passive_dns.pdf>.
[PDNSCIRCL] [PDNSCIRCL]
"CIRCL Passive DNS", 2012, <http://pdns.circl.lu/>. "CIRCL Passive DNS", 2012, <http://pdns.circl.lu/>.
[PDNSCLIENT]
"Queries 5 major Passive DNS databases: BFK, CERTEE,
DNSParse, ISC, and VirusTotal.", 2013, <https://github.com
/chrislee35/passivedns-client>.
[PDNSCOF] "Passive DNS server interface using the common output
format", 2013, <https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof-server/
>.
[REST] "Representational State Transfer (REST)", 2000,
<http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/
rest_arch_style.htm>.
[WEINERPDNS]
"Passive DNS Replication", 2005, <http://www.enyo.de/fw/
software/dnslogger/first2005-paper.pdf>.
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[PDNSCLIENT]
"Queries 5 major Passive DNS databases: BFK, CERTEE,
DNSParse, ISC, and VirusTotal.", 2013,
<https://github.com/chrislee35/passivedns-client>.
[PDNSCOF] "Passive DNS server interface using the common output
format", 2013,
<https://github.com/adulau/pdns-qof-server/>.
[REST] "Representational State Transfer (REST)", 2000, <http://
www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/
rest_arch_style.htm>.
[WEINERPDNS]
"Passive DNS Replication", 2005, <http://www.enyo.de/fw/
software/dnslogger/first2005-paper.pdf>.
7.3. Informative References 7.3. Informative References
[I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis] [I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", draft-narten-iana-
draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in progress), March
progress), March 2008. 2008.
[RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC [RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC
Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552, Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552, July
July 2003. 2003.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Alexandre Dulaunoy Alexandre Dulaunoy
CIRCL CIRCL
41, avenue de la gare 41, avenue de la gare
Luxembourg, L-1611 Luxembourg L-1611
LU LU
Phone: (+352) 247 88444 Phone: (+352) 247 88444
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URI: http://www.circl.lu/ URI: http://www.circl.lu/
Leon Aaron Kaplan
CERT.at
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
Vienna A-1010
AT
Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
Email: kaplan@cert.at
URI: http://www.cert.at/
Paul Vixie
Farsight Security, Inc.
Email: paul@redbarn.org
URI: /
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Leon Aaron Kaplan
CERT.at
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
Vienna, A-1010
AT
Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
Email: kaplan@cert.at
URI: http://www.cert.at/
Paul Vixie
Farsight Security, Inc.
Phone:
Email: paul@redbarn.org
URI: /
Henry Stern Henry Stern
Cisco Cisco
1741 Brunswick Street, Suite 500 1741 Brunswick Street, Suite 500
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