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re-formatted xml
described the three potential output formats be more specific with field descriptions minor corrections
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Aaron Kaplan
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Internet Engineering Task Force A.D. Dulaunoy
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Internet Engineering Task Force Dulaunoy
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Internet-Draft CIRCL
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Internet-Draft CIRCL
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Intended status: Informational L.A. Kaplan
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Intended status: Informational Kaplan
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Expires: July 15, 2013 CERT.at
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Expires: July 5, 2013 CERT.at
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January 2013
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January 2013
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Passive DNS - Common Output Format
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draft-ietf-xml2rfc-template-05
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Passive DNS - Common Output Format
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draft-ietf-dulaunoy-kaplan-pdns-cof-01
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Abstract
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Abstract
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This document describes the output format used between Passive DNS
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query interface. The output format description includes also a
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This document describes the output format used between Passive DNS
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common meaning per Passive DNS system.
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query interface. The output format description includes also a
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common meaning per Passive DNS system.
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Status of this Memo
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Status of this Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on July 15, 2013.
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By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
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Copyright Notice
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applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
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have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
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||||||
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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||||||
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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||||||
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
|
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
|
||||||
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/
|
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
|
||||||
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
|
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
|
||||||
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
|
|
||||||
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
|
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
|
||||||
extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
|
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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||||||
as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
|
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
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||||||
provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
|
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
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Table of Contents
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This Internet-Draft will expire on July 5, 2013.
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1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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2.1. first_seen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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2.2. last_seen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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2.3. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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2.4. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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3.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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3.2. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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3.3. ttl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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3.4. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 1]
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Dulaunoy & Kaplan info [Page 1]
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Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
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||||||
|
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||||||
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
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Table of Contents
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||||||
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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Appendix A. Additional Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
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1. Introduction
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3. Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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3.1. Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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Passive DNS is a technique described by Florian Weimer in 2005 in
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3.1.1. Whois Human Readable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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Passive DNS replication, F Weimer - 17th Annual FIRST Conference on
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3.1.2. JSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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Computer Security. Since then multiple Passive DNS implementations
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3.1.3. Bind format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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evolved over time. Users of these Passive DNS servers query a server
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4. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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(often via Whois [Ref: WHOIS]), parse the results and process them in
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4.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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other applications.
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4.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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4.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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There are multiple implementation of Passive DNS software. Users of
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4.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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passive DNS query each implementation and aggregate the results for
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4.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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their search. This document describes the output format of three
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5. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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Passive DNS Systems which are in use today and which already share a
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5.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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nearly identical output format. As the format and the meaning of
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5.2. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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output fields from each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose
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5.3. ttl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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in this document a solution to commonly name each field along with
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5.4. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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their cor responding interpretation. The format format is following
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5.5. class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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a simple key-value structure. The benefit of having a consistent
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6. Extended Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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Passive DNS output format is that multiple client implementations can
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7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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query different servers without having to have a separate parser for
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8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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each individual server. [http://code.google.com/p/passive-dns-query-
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9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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tool/] currently implements multiple parsers due to a lack of
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10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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standardization. The document does not describe the protocol (e.g.
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10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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whois ref:TOADD) used to query the Passive DNS.
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10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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Appendix A. Additional Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
|
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1.1. Requirements Language
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Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 10
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The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
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document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
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2. Mandatory Fields
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A field is composed a key followed by a value separated by the single
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':' character and a space before the value. The format is based on
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the initial work done by Florian Weimer and the RIPE whois format
|
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(ref:http://www.enyo.de/fw/software/dnslogger/whois.html). The
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ordered of the fields is not significant for the same resource type,
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name tuple.
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2.1. first_seen
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This field returns the first time that the record has been seen by
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the passive DNS. The date is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.
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2.2. last_seen
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|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 2]
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This field returns the last time that the record has been seen by the
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passive DNS. The date is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.
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Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
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2.3. rrtype
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|
1. Introduction
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|
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Dulaunoy & Kaplan info [Page 2]
|
Passive DNS is a technique described by Florian Weimer in 2005 in
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|
Passive DNS replication, F Weimer - 17th Annual FIRST Conference on
|
||||||
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
Computer Security. Since then multiple Passive DNS implementations
|
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|
evolved over time. Users of these Passive DNS servers query a server
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|
(often via Whois [Ref: WHOIS]), parse the results and process them in
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This field returns the resource record type as seen by the passive
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other applications.
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DNS. The key is rr-type and the value is in the interpreted record
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type. If the value cannot be interpreted the decimal value is
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There are multiple implementation of Passive DNS software. Users of
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returned. The resource record type can be any values as described by
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passive DNS query each implementation and aggregate the results for
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IANA in the DNS parameters document in the section 'DNS Label types'
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their search. This document describes the output format of three
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(http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters).
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Passive DNS Systems which are in use today and which already share a
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nearly identical output format. As the format and the meaning of
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2.4. rrname
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output fields from each Passive DNS need to be consistent, we propose
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in this document a solution to commonly name each field along with
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This field returns the name of the queried resource.
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their corresponding interpretation. The format format is following a
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simple key-value structure. The benefit of having a consistent
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3. Optional Fields
|
Passive DNS output format is that multiple client implementations can
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query different servers without having to have a separate parser for
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3.1. sensor_id
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each individual server.
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[http://code.google.com/p/passive-dns-query-tool/] currently
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3.2. count
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implements multiple parsers due to a lack of standardization. The
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document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or
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Specifies how many authoritative answers were received with the set
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XMPP) used to query the Passive DNS.
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of answers (i.e. same data) over all sensors. The number of
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requests is expressed as a decimal value.
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1.1. Requirements Language
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3.3. ttl
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The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
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3.4. bailiwick
|
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
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4. Acknowledgements
|
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2. Limitation
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This template was derived from an initial version written by Pekka
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Savola and contributed by him to the xml2rfc project.
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As a Passive DNS can include protection mechanisms for their
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operation, results might be different due to those protection
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This document is part of a plan to make xml2rfc indispensable
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measures. These mechanisms filter out DNS answers if they fail some
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[DOMINATION].
|
criteria. The bailiwick algorithm (c.f.
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http://www.isc.org/files/passive_dns_hardening_handout.pdf) protects
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5. IANA Considerations
|
the Passive DNS Database from cache poisoning attacks [ref: Dan
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Kaminsky]. Another limitiation that clients querying the database
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This memo includes no request to IANA.
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need to be aware of is that each query simply gets an snapshot-answer
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of the time of querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent
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All drafts are required to have an IANA considerations section (see
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answers.
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the update of RFC 2434 [I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
|
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for a guide). If the draft does not require IANA to do anything, the
|
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section contains an explicit statement that this is the case (as
|
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above). If there are no requirements for IANA, the section will be
|
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removed during conversion into an RFC by the RFC Editor.
|
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|
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6. Security Considerations
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 3]
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|
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All drafts are required to have a security considerations section.
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Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
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||||||
See RFC 3552 [RFC3552] for a guide.
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7. References
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3. Format
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7.1. Normative References
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A field is composed a key followed by a value separated by the single
|
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':' character and a space before the value. The format is based on
|
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
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the initial work done by Florian Weimer and the RIPE whois format
|
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Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
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(ref:http://www.enyo.de/fw/software/dnslogger/whois.html). The order
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of the fields is not significant for the same resource type. That
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Dulaunoy & Kaplan info [Page 3]
|
measn, the same name tuple plus timing information identifies a
|
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unique answer per server.
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Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
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A sample output using the common format:
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[min_ref] authSurName, authInitials, "Minimal Reference", 2006.
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rrname: www.foo.be
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rrtype: AAAA
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7.2. Informative References
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rdata: 2001:6f8:202:2df::2
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time_first: 2010-07-26 13:04:01
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[DOMINATION]
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time_last: 2012-02-06 09:59:00
|
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Mad Dominators, Inc., "Ultimate Plan for Taking Over the
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count: 87
|
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World", 1984, <http://www.example.com/dominator.html>.
|
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3.1. Output Format
|
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[I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
|
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Narten, T and H Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
|
Depending on the clients request, there might be one of three
|
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IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", Internet-Draft
|
different answers from the server: Whois (human readable) output
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draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09, March
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format (key-value), JSON [RFC4627] output and optionally Bind zone
|
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2008.
|
file output format. XXX FIXME: how does the client select which
|
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answer format he wants? XXX
|
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[RFC2629] Rose, M.T., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
|
|
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June 1999.
|
3.1.1. Whois Human Readable
|
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|
|
||||||
[RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC
|
This output format originates with the original design of BFK's
|
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Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552, July
|
passive DNS server implementation. The intent is to be be human
|
||||||
2003.
|
readable. Every implementation MUST support the Whois human readable
|
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|
format.
|
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Appendix A. Additional Stuff
|
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A sample output using the Whois format:
|
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This becomes an Appendix.
|
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rrname: www.foo.be
|
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Authors' Addresses
|
rrtype: AAAA
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rdata: 2001:6f8:202:2df::2
|
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Alexandre Dulaunoy
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time_first: 2010-07-26 13:04:01
|
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CIRCL
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time_last: 2012-02-06 09:59:00
|
||||||
41, avenue de la gare
|
count: 87
|
||||||
Luxembourg, L-1611
|
|
||||||
LU
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3.1.2. JSON
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Phone: (+352) 247 88444
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The intent of this output format is to be easily parseable by
|
||||||
Email: alexandre.dulaunoy@circl.lu
|
scripts. Every implementation SHOULD support the JSON output format.
|
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URI: http://www.circl.lu/
|
|
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|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Leon Aaron Kaplan
|
|
||||||
CERT.at
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Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 4]
|
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Karlsplatz 1/2/9
|
|
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Wien, A-1010
|
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
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||||||
AT
|
|
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|
|
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Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
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A sample output using the JSON format:
|
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Email: kaplan@cert.at
|
|
||||||
URI: http://www.cert.at/
|
... (list of )...
|
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{ "count": 97167,
|
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"time_first": "2010-06-25 17:07:02",
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"rrtype": "A", "rrname": "google-public-dns-a.google.com.",
|
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"rdata": "8.8.8.8",
|
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"time_last": "2013-02-05 17:34:03" }
|
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|
... (separated by newline)...
|
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|
|
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3.1.3. Bind format
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Dulaunoy & Kaplan info [Page 4]
|
A sample output using the Bind format:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
google-public-dns-a.google.com. IN A 8.8.8.8
|
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|
|
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|
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4. Mandatory Fields
|
||||||
|
|
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|
Implementation MUST support all the mandatory fields.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The tuple (rrtype,rrname,rdata) will always be unique within one
|
||||||
|
answer per server.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4.1. rrname
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This field returns the name of the queried resource.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4.2. rrtype
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This field returns the resource record type as seen by the passive
|
||||||
|
DNS. The key is rrtype and the value is in the interpreted record
|
||||||
|
type. If the value cannot be interpreted the decimal value is
|
||||||
|
returned. The resource record type can be any values as described by
|
||||||
|
IANA in the DNS parameters document in the section 'DNS Label types'
|
||||||
|
(http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters). Currently known
|
||||||
|
and supported textual descritptions of rrtypes are: A, AAAA, CNAME,
|
||||||
|
PTR, SOA, TXT, DNAME, NS, SRV, RP, NAPTR, HINFO, A6 A client MUST be
|
||||||
|
able to understand these textual rtype values. In addition, a client
|
||||||
|
MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as mentioned above) as
|
||||||
|
answer.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4.3. rdata
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general,
|
||||||
|
this is to be interpreted as string. Depending on the rtype, this
|
||||||
|
can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address, a domain name (as in the case of
|
||||||
|
CNAMEs), an SPF record, etc. A client MUST be able to interpret any
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 5]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
value which is legal as the right hand side in a DNS zone file RFC
|
||||||
|
1035 [RFC1035] and RFC 1034 [RFC1034].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4.4. time_first
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple
|
||||||
|
(rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date
|
||||||
|
is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4.5. time_last
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname,
|
||||||
|
rrtype, rdata) record has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is
|
||||||
|
expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5. Optional Fields
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Implementation SHOULD support one or more field.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5.1. sensor_id
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen.
|
||||||
|
The sensor_id is expressed in a decimal value.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5.2. count
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Specifies how many authoritative answers were received with the set
|
||||||
|
of answers (i.e. same data) over all sensors. The number of requests
|
||||||
|
is expressed as a decimal value.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5.3. ttl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
the TTL as specified in RFC 1035 [RFC1035] as a decimal value.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5.4. bailiwick
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
XXX FIXME: input from ISC needed
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5.5. class
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
the class as specified in RFC 1035 [RFC1035]. Valid values are IN,
|
||||||
|
HS (for HESIOD), CH (for CHAOS). May be omitted, the default
|
||||||
|
assumption that a client should make is IN.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 6]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
6. Extended Fields
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
An x- prefixed key means that is an extension and a non-standard
|
||||||
|
field defined by the implementation of the passive DNS.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
7. Acknowledgements
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Thanks to the Passive DNS developers who contributed to the document.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
8. IANA Considerations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This memo includes no request to IANA.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
9. Security Considerations
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential
|
||||||
|
information and its access might be restricted. When an user is
|
||||||
|
querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the
|
||||||
|
sensitivity of the data must be considered.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Authentication and signing of the output MAY be implemented on the
|
||||||
|
server via an extended field, namely x-signature-sha265 which
|
||||||
|
contains a SHA256 signature of the output text, signed with the ssh-
|
||||||
|
key of the server sending the answer.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
All drafts are required to have a security considerations section.
|
||||||
|
See RFC 3552 [RFC3552] for a guide.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
10. References
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
10.1. Normative References
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
|
||||||
|
STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
|
||||||
|
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
|
||||||
|
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
|
||||||
|
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 7]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[min_ref] authSurName, authInitials., "Minimal Reference", 2006.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
10.2. Informative References
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[DOMINATION]
|
||||||
|
Mad Dominators, Inc., "Ultimate Plan for Taking Over the
|
||||||
|
World", 1984, <http://www.example.com/dominator.html>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
|
||||||
|
Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
|
||||||
|
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs",
|
||||||
|
draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in
|
||||||
|
progress), March 2008.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[RFC2629] Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
|
||||||
|
June 1999.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC
|
||||||
|
Text on Security Considerations", BCP 72, RFC 3552,
|
||||||
|
July 2003.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Appendix A. Additional Stuff
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This becomes an Appendix.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Authors' Addresses
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Alexandre Dulaunoy
|
||||||
|
CIRCL
|
||||||
|
41, avenue de la gare
|
||||||
|
Luxembourg, L-1611
|
||||||
|
LU
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Phone: (+352) 247 88444
|
||||||
|
Email: alexandre.dulaunoy@circl.lu
|
||||||
|
URI: http://www.circl.lu/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 8]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Leon Aaron Kaplan
|
||||||
|
CERT.at
|
||||||
|
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
|
||||||
|
Vienna, A-1010
|
||||||
|
AT
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
|
||||||
|
Email: kaplan@cert.at
|
||||||
|
URI: http://www.cert.at/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 9]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Internet-Draft Abbreviated Title January 2013
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Full Copyright Statement
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2013).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
|
||||||
|
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
|
||||||
|
retain all their rights.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
|
||||||
|
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
|
||||||
|
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
|
||||||
|
THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
|
||||||
|
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
|
||||||
|
THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
|
||||||
|
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Intellectual Property
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
|
||||||
|
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
|
||||||
|
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
|
||||||
|
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
|
||||||
|
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
|
||||||
|
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
|
||||||
|
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
|
||||||
|
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
|
||||||
|
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
|
||||||
|
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
|
||||||
|
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
|
||||||
|
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
|
||||||
|
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
|
||||||
|
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
|
||||||
|
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
|
||||||
|
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
|
||||||
|
ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Dulaunoy & Kaplan Expires July 5, 2013 [Page 10]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
146
i-d/pdns-qof.xml
146
i-d/pdns-qof.xml
|
|
@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
|
||||||
<!ENTITY RFC2119 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml">
|
<!ENTITY RFC2119 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY RFC2629 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2629.xml">
|
<!ENTITY RFC2629 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2629.xml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY RFC3552 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3552.xml">
|
<!ENTITY RFC3552 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3552.xml">
|
||||||
|
<!ENTITY RFC1035 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.1035.xml">
|
||||||
|
<!ENTITY RFC1034 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.1034.xml">
|
||||||
|
<!ENTITY RFC4627 SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4627.xml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml3/reference.I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis.xml">
|
<!ENTITY I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml3/reference.I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis.xml">
|
||||||
]>
|
]>
|
||||||
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='rfc2629.xslt' ?>
|
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='rfc2629.xslt' ?>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -123,69 +126,97 @@ The document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or XMPP) used
|
||||||
</t>
|
</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="Format">
|
<section title="Format">
|
||||||
<t>A field is composed a key followed by a value separated by the single ':' character and a space before the value. The format is based on the initial work done by Florian Weimer and the RIPE whois format (ref:http://www.enyo.de/fw/software/dnslogger/whois.html). The ordered of the fields is not significant for the same resource type, name tuple.</t>
|
<t>A field is composed a key followed by a value separated by the single ':' character and a space before the value. The format is based on the initial work done by Florian Weimer and the RIPE whois format (ref:http://www.enyo.de/fw/software/dnslogger/whois.html). The order of the fields is not significant for the same resource type. That measn, the same name tuple plus timing information identifies a unique answer per server.</t>
|
||||||
<figure><preamble>A sample output using the common format:</preamble><artwork><![CDATA[
|
<figure><preamble>A sample output using the common format:</preamble><artwork><![CDATA[
|
||||||
rrname: www.foo.be
|
rrname: www.foo.be
|
||||||
rrtype: AAAA
|
rrtype: AAAA
|
||||||
rdata: 2001:6f8:202:2df::2
|
rdata: 2001:6f8:202:2df::2
|
||||||
first_seen: 2010-07-26 13:04:01
|
time_first: 2010-07-26 13:04:01
|
||||||
last_seen: 2012-02-06 09:59:00
|
time_last: 2012-02-06 09:59:00
|
||||||
count: 87
|
count: 87
|
||||||
]]></artwork></figure>
|
]]></artwork></figure>
|
||||||
<section title="Output Format">
|
<section title="Output Format">
|
||||||
<t>
|
<t>
|
||||||
MUST Human Readable
|
Depending on the clients request, there might be one of three different answers from the server: Whois (human readable) output format (key-value), <xref target="RFC4627">JSON</xref> output and optionally Bind zone file output format. XXX FIXME: how does the client select which answer format he wants? XXX
|
||||||
SHOULD JSON
|
</t>
|
||||||
OPTIONAL Bind
|
<section title="Whois Human Readable">
|
||||||
</t>
|
<t>
|
||||||
<section title="Human Readable">
|
This output format originates with the original design of BFK's passive DNS server implementation. The intent is to be be human readable. Every implementation MUST support the Whois human readable format.
|
||||||
</section>
|
</t>
|
||||||
<section title="JSON">
|
<figure><preamble>A sample output using the Whois format:</preamble><artwork><![CDATA[
|
||||||
</section>
|
rrname: www.foo.be
|
||||||
<section title="Bind format">
|
rrtype: AAAA
|
||||||
</section>
|
rdata: 2001:6f8:202:2df::2
|
||||||
</section>
|
time_first: 2010-07-26 13:04:01
|
||||||
|
time_last: 2012-02-06 09:59:00
|
||||||
|
count: 87
|
||||||
|
]]></artwork></figure>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
<section title="JSON">
|
||||||
|
<t>The intent of this output format is to be easily parseable by scripts. Every implementation SHOULD support the JSON output format.</t>
|
||||||
|
<figure><preamble>A sample output using the JSON format:</preamble><artwork><![CDATA[
|
||||||
|
... (list of )...
|
||||||
|
{ "count": 97167,
|
||||||
|
"time_first": "2010-06-25 17:07:02",
|
||||||
|
"rrtype": "A", "rrname": "google-public-dns-a.google.com.",
|
||||||
|
"rdata": "8.8.8.8",
|
||||||
|
"time_last": "2013-02-05 17:34:03" }
|
||||||
|
... (separated by newline)...
|
||||||
|
]]></artwork></figure>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
<section title="Bind format">
|
||||||
|
<figure><preamble>A sample output using the Bind format:</preamble><artwork><![CDATA[
|
||||||
|
google-public-dns-a.google.com. IN A 8.8.8.8
|
||||||
|
]]></artwork></figure>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="Mandatory Fields">
|
<section title="Mandatory Fields">
|
||||||
<t>Implementation MUST support all the mandatory fields.</t>
|
<t>Implementation MUST support all the mandatory fields.</t>
|
||||||
<t>TODO pinpoint on the key for the 3tuple (rrtype,rrname,rdata)</t>
|
<t>The tuple (rrtype,rrname,rdata) will always be unique within one answer per server.</t>
|
||||||
<section title="first_seen">
|
<section title="rrname">
|
||||||
<t>This field returns the first time that the record has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.</t>
|
<t>This field returns the name of the queried resource.</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="last_seen">
|
<section title="rrtype">
|
||||||
<t>This field returns the last time that the record has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.</t>
|
<t>This field returns the resource record type as seen by the passive DNS. The key is rrtype and the value is in the interpreted record type. If the value cannot be interpreted the
|
||||||
</section>
|
decimal value is returned.
|
||||||
<section title="rrtype">
|
|
||||||
<t>This field returns the resource record type as seen by the passive DNS. The key is rr-type and the value is in the interpreted record type. If the value cannot be interpreted the
|
|
||||||
decimal value is returned.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The resource record type can be any values as described by IANA in the DNS parameters document in the section 'DNS Label types' (http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters).</t>
|
The resource record type can be any values as described by IANA in the DNS parameters document in the section 'DNS Label types' (http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters).
|
||||||
</section>
|
Currently known and supported textual descritptions of rrtypes are: A, AAAA, CNAME, PTR, SOA, TXT, DNAME, NS, SRV, RP, NAPTR, HINFO, A6
|
||||||
<section title="rrname">
|
A client MUST be able to understand these textual rtype values. In addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as mentioned above) as answer.
|
||||||
<t>This field returns the name of the queried resource.</t>
|
</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="rdata">
|
<section title="rdata">
|
||||||
<t>This field returns the data of the queried resource.</t>
|
<t>This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general, this is to be interpreted as string. Depending on the rtype, this can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address, a domain name (as in the case of CNAMEs), an SPF record, etc. A client MUST be able to interpret any value which is legal as the right hand side in a DNS zone file <xref target="RFC1035">RFC 1035</xref> and <xref target="RFC1034">RFC 1034</xref>.</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
</section>
|
<section title="time_first">
|
||||||
|
<t>This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple (rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.</t>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
<section title="time_last">
|
||||||
|
<t>This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname, rrtype, rdata) record has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is expressed in ISO 8601 and UTC.</t>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="Optional Fields">
|
<section title="Optional Fields">
|
||||||
<t>Implementation SHOULD support one or more field.</t>
|
<t>Implementation SHOULD support one or more field.</t>
|
||||||
<section title="sensor_id">
|
<section title="sensor_id">
|
||||||
<t>This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen. The sensor_id is expressed in a decimal value.</t>
|
<t>This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen. The sensor_id is expressed in a decimal value.</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="count">
|
<section title="count">
|
||||||
<t>Specifies how many authoritative answers were received with the set of answers (i.e. same data) over all sensors. The number of requests is expressed as a decimal value.</t>
|
<t>Specifies how many authoritative answers were received with the set of answers (i.e. same data) over all sensors. The number of requests is expressed as a decimal value.</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
<section title="ttl">
|
<section title="ttl">
|
||||||
</section>
|
<t>the TTL as specified in <xref target="RFC1035">RFC 1035</xref> as a decimal value.</t>
|
||||||
<section title="bailiwick">
|
</section>
|
||||||
</section>
|
<section title="bailiwick">
|
||||||
<section title="class">
|
<t> XXX FIXME: input from ISC needed</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
<section title="class">
|
||||||
|
<t>the class as specified in <xref target="RFC1035">RFC 1035</xref>. Valid values are IN, HS (for HESIOD), CH (for CHAOS). May be omitted, the default assumption that a client should make is IN.</t>
|
||||||
|
</section>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<section title="Extended Fields">
|
<section title="Extended Fields">
|
||||||
<t>An x- prefixed key means that is an extension and a non-standard field defined by the implementation of the passive DNS.</t>
|
<t>An x- prefixed key means that is an extension and a non-standard field defined by the implementation of the passive DNS.</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- This PI places the pagebreak correctly (before the section title) in the text output. -->
|
<!-- This PI places the pagebreak correctly (before the section title) in the text output. -->
|
||||||
|
|
@ -208,7 +239,7 @@ The document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or XMPP) used
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<section anchor="Security" title="Security Considerations">
|
<section anchor="Security" title="Security Considerations">
|
||||||
<t>In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential information and its access might be restricted. When an user is querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the sensitivity of the data must be considered.</t>
|
<t>In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential information and its access might be restricted. When an user is querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the sensitivity of the data must be considered.</t>
|
||||||
<t>Authentication of the output can be implemented on the server via an extended field.</t>
|
<t>Authentication and signing of the output MAY be implemented on the server via an extended field, namely x-signature-sha265 which contains a SHA256 signature of the output text, signed with the ssh-key of the server sending the answer.</t>
|
||||||
<t>All drafts are required to have a security considerations section.
|
<t>All drafts are required to have a security considerations section.
|
||||||
See <xref target="RFC3552">RFC 3552</xref> for a guide.</t>
|
See <xref target="RFC3552">RFC 3552</xref> for a guide.</t>
|
||||||
</section>
|
</section>
|
||||||
|
|
@ -233,6 +264,9 @@ The document does not describe the protocol (e.g. whois, HTTP REST or XMPP) used
|
||||||
<references title="Normative References">
|
<references title="Normative References">
|
||||||
<!--?rfc include="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"?-->
|
<!--?rfc include="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"?-->
|
||||||
&RFC2119;
|
&RFC2119;
|
||||||
|
&RFC1035;
|
||||||
|
&RFC1034;
|
||||||
|
&RFC4627;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<reference anchor="min_ref">
|
<reference anchor="min_ref">
|
||||||
<!-- the following is the minimum to make xml2rfc happy -->
|
<!-- the following is the minimum to make xml2rfc happy -->
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue