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@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ Internet-Draft CIRCL
Intended status: Informational A. Kaplan
Expires: June 28, 2014 CERT.at
P. Vixie
Farsight Security, Inc.
H. Stern
Cisco
Farsight Security, Inc.
December 25, 2013
@ -50,6 +49,7 @@ Copyright Notice
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ Dulaunoy, et al. Expires June 28, 2014 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
@ -71,21 +70,22 @@ Table of Contents
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Common Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Overview and Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.2. bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.2. zone_time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4.3. zone_time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5. Additional Fields Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3. Mandatory Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.1. rrname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.2. rrtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.3. rdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.4. time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3.5. time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4. Optional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.1. count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.2. Bailiwick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.5. Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.5.1. sensor_id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.5.2. zone_time_first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.5.3. zone_time_last . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.6. Additional Fields Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
@ -146,21 +146,21 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
DNS Database from cache poisoning attacks [CACHEPOISONING]. Another
limitiation that clients querying the database need to be aware of is
that each query simply gets an snapshot-answer of the time of
querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent answers. Not must
querying. Clients MUST NOT rely on consistent answers. Nor must
they assume that answers must be identical across multiple Passive
DNS Servers.
3. Common Output Format
3.1. Overview
The formatting of the answer follows the JSON [RFC4627] format. The
order of the fields is not significant for the same resource type.
That means, the same name tuple plus timing information identifies a
unique answer per server.
The intent of this output format is to be easily parsable by scripts.
Every implementation MUST support the JSON output format.
@ -170,10 +170,7 @@ Dulaunoy, et al. Expires June 28, 2014 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
3.1. Overview and Example
The intent of this output format is to be easily parseable by
scripts. Every implementation MUST support the JSON output format.
3.2. Example
A sample output using the JSON format:
@ -185,18 +182,18 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
"time_last": "1386405372" }
... (separated by newline)...
3.2. Mandatory Fields
3.3. Mandatory Fields
Implementation MUST support all the mandatory fields.
The tuple (rrname,rrtype,rdata) will always be unique within one
answer per server.
3.2.1. rrname
3.3.1. rrname
This field returns the name of the queried resource.
3.2.2. rrtype
3.3.2. rrtype
This field returns the resource record type as seen by the passive
DNS. The key is rrtype and the value is in the interpreted record
@ -211,13 +208,16 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
addition, a client MUST be able to handle a decimal value (as
mentioned above) as answer.
3.2.3. rdata
3.3.3. rdata
This field returns the data of the queried resource. In general,
this is to be interpreted as string. Depending on the rtype, this
can be an IPv4 or IPv6 address, a domain name (as in the case of
CNAMEs), an SPF record, etc. A client MUST be able to interpret any
value which is legal as the right hand side in a DNS zone file RFC
1035 [RFC1035] and RFC 1034 [RFC1034]. If the rdata came from an
unknown DNS resource records, the server must follow the transparency
principle as described in RFC 3597 [RFC3597].
@ -226,29 +226,25 @@ Dulaunoy, et al. Expires June 28, 2014 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
1035 [RFC1035] and RFC 1034 [RFC1034]. If the rdata came from an
unknown DNS resource records, the server must follow the transparency
principle as described in RFC 3597 [RFC3597].
3.2.4. time_first
3.3.4. time_first
This field returns the first time that the record / unique tuple
(rrname, rrtype, rdata) has been seen by the passive DNS. The date
is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
(unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
is expressed in seconds (decimal ASCII) since 1st of January 1970
(Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
3.2.5. time_last
3.3.5. time_last
This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname,
rrtype, rdata) record has been seen by the passive DNS. The date is
expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970 (unix
expressed in seconds (decimal ASCII) since 1st of January 1970 (Unix
timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
3.3. Optional Fields
3.4. Optional Fields
Implementations SHOULD support one or more field.
3.3.1. count
3.4.1. count
Specifies how many authoritative DNS answers were received at the
Passive DNS Server's collectors with the set of answers (i.e. same
@ -258,16 +254,16 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
other type fields has been seen in the given time interval (between
time_last and time_first). Decimal number.
3.3.2. bailiwick
3.4.2. Bailiwick
The bailiwick is the best estimate of the apex of the zone where this
data is authoritative. String.
3.4. Additional Fields
3.5. Additional Fields
Implementations MAY support the following fields:
3.4.1. sensor_id
3.5.1. sensor_id
This field returns the sensor information where the record was seen.
The sensor_id is an opaque byte string as defined by RFC 5001 in
@ -277,26 +273,30 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
Dulaunoy, et al. Expires June 28, 2014 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
3.4.2. zone_time_first
3.5.2. zone_time_first
This field returns the first time that the unique tuple (rrname,
rrtype, rdata) record has been seen via zone file import. The date
is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
(unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
is expressed in seconds (decimal ASCII) since 1st of January 1970
(Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
3.4.3. zone_time_last
3.5.3. zone_time_last
This field returns the last time that the unique tuple (rrname,
rrtype, rdata) record has been seen via zone file import. The date
is expressed in seconds (decimal ascii) since 1st of January 1970
(unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
is expressed in seconds (decimal ASCII) since 1st of January 1970
(Unix timestamp). The time zone MUST be UTC.
3.5. Additional Fields Registry
3.6. Additional Fields Registry
In accordance with [RFC6648], designers of new passive DNS
applications that would need additional fields can request and
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
6. Security Considerations
In some cases, Passive DNS output might contain confidential
information and its access might be restricted. When an user is
information and its access might be restricted. When a user is
querying multiple Passive DNS and aggregating the data, the
sensitivity of the data must be considered.
@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Authors' Addresses
CIRCL
41, avenue de la gare
Luxembourg L-1611
LU
Luxembourg
Phone: (+352) 247 88444
Email: alexandre.dulaunoy@circl.lu
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Authors' Addresses
CERT.at
Karlsplatz 1/2/9
Vienna A-1010
AT
Austria
Phone: +43 1 5056416 78
Email: kaplan@cert.at
@ -452,13 +452,16 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013
Paul Vixie
Farsight Security, Inc.
11400 La Honda Road
Woodside, California 94062
U.S.A.
Email: paul@redbarn.org
URI: /
URI: https://www.farsightsecurity.com/
Henry Stern
Cisco
Farsight Security, Inc.
1741 Brunswick Street, Suite 500
Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3X8
Canada
@ -494,9 +497,6 @@ Internet-Draft Passive DNS - Common Output Format December 2013