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Fast lookup server for NSRL and other hash database used in digital forensic
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Alexandre Dulaunoy 672dc7a0dc
chg: [doc] add reference to the RDSv3 importer
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bin new: [server] /children and /parents end-points added 2022-05-21 17:43:24 +02:00
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LICENSE new: [hashlookup-server] initial import of the code 2021-07-15 17:49:52 +02:00
README.md chg: [doc] add reference to the RDSv3 importer 2022-05-21 18:12:19 +02:00
requirements.txt chg: [requirements] to the hashlookup version of redis-py 2022-05-21 10:17:58 +02:00

README.md

hashlookup-server

hashlookup-server is a minimal and fast open source server (ReST/API) to lookup quickly hash value from large dataset.

The code was quickly written during some boring meetings. The code is still beta (but already used in production) and installation documentation is partial. I released it for the adventurous people who love to dig into new experimental projects.

Features

  • ReST API to lookup MD5, SHA-1 or SHA-256 hashes or bulk search from large dataset
  • A simple DNS server to provide hash lookup via DNS queries
  • Import scripts for the NSRL database (old format) and new NSRL RDSv3 format via hashlookup-nsrl importer
  • Support generic hashlookup import script
  • Support standard hashlookup format
  • Support creation of DFIR session to keep track of systems analysed

Requirements

The server requires a recent version of Python (Python 3.6 or better) and a kvrocks database.

If you don't want to run your own local server, you can use and test hashlookup.circl.lu.

Public Online version - CIRCL hashlookup (hashlookup.circl.lu)

CIRCL hash lookup is a public API to lookup hash values against known database of files. NSRL RDS database is included. More database are included (for more info). The API is accessible via HTTP ReST API and the API is also described as an OpenAPI.

Is it a database of malicious or non-malicious hash of files?

CIRCL hashlookup service only gives details about known files appearing in specific database(s). This gives you context and information about file hashes which can be discovered during investigation or digital forensic analysis.

Installation

  • Make sure kvrocks is installed
  • Download the NSRL files
  • In bin/run.sh point to where kvrocks is installed
    • For example "/home/ubuntu/kvrocks/src/kvrocks -c /home/ubuntu/hashlookup-server/etc/kvrocks.conf"
  • In kvrocks.conf change
    • dir to where you want to store the database
    • update pidfile backup-dir and log-dir
  • in import.py : point to where you stored the NSRL downloaded files
  • statistics are kept in stat:NSRLAndroid
  • do a test run, in import.py change maxvalue to 2, run import.py and then query the results
    • redis-cli -p 6666
    • HGETALL "h:000000F694CA9BF73836D67DEB5E2724338B422D"

API Usage

Get information about the hash lookup database (via ReST)

curl -X 'GET' \
  'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/info' \
  -H 'accept: application/json'

{
  "nsrl-version": "RDS Verion 2.73.1 - July 2021",
  "nsrl-NSRL-items": "165968856",
  "nsrl-NSRL-Legacy-items": "113737918",
  "nsrl-Android-items": "33419323",
  "nsrl-iOS-items": "46447082",
  "nsrl-NSRLMfg": "92353",
  "nsrl-NSRLOS": "1331",
  "nsrl-NSRLProd": "19050",
  "hashlookup-version": "1.0"
}

Perform an MD5 hash lookup

curl -X 'GET' \
  'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/lookup/md5/8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE4' \
  -H 'accept: application/json'

{
  "CRC32": "7A5407CA",
  "FileName": "wow64_microsoft-windows-i..timezones.resources_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.16299.579_de-de_f24979c73226184d.manifest",
  "FileSize": "2520",
  "MD5": "8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE4",
  "OpSystemCode": {
    "MfgCode": "1006",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "OpSystemName": "TBD",
    "OpSystemVersion": "none"
  },
  "ProductCode": {
    "ApplicationType": "Security",
    "Language": "Multilanguage",
    "MfgCode": "608",
    "OpSystemCode": "868",
    "ProductCode": "190742",
    "ProductName": "Cumulative Update for Windows Server 2016 for x64 (KB4338817)",
    "ProductVersion": "1709"
  },
  "SHA-1": "00000079FD7AAC9B2F9C988C50750E1F50B27EB5",
  "SpecialCode": ""
}

Perform an SHA-1 hash lookup

curl -X 'GET'   'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/lookup/sha1/FFFFFDAC1B1B4C513896C805C2C698D9688BE69F'   -H 'accept: application/json' | jq .

{
  "CRC32": "CBD64CD9",
  "FileName": ".rela.dyn",
  "FileSize": "240",
  "MD5": "131312A96CAD4ACAA7E2631A34A0D47C",
  "OpSystemCode": {
    "MfgCode": "1006",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "OpSystemName": "TBD",
    "OpSystemVersion": "none"
  },
  "ProductCode": {
    "ApplicationType": "Operating System",
    "Language": "English",
    "MfgCode": "1722",
    "OpSystemCode": "599",
    "ProductCode": "163709",
    "ProductName": "BlackArch Linux",
    "ProductVersion": "2017.03.01"
  },
  "SHA-1": "FFFFFDAC1B1B4C513896C805C2C698D9688BE69F",
  "SpecialCode": ""
}

Bulk search of MD5 hashes

curl -X 'POST'   'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/bulk/md5' -H "Content-Type: application/json"  -d "{\"hashes\": [\"6E2F8616A01725DCB37BED0A2495AEB2\", \"8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE4\", \"344428FA4BA313712E4CA9B16D089AC4\"]}" | jq .

[
  {
    "CRC32": "E774FD92",
    "FileName": "network",
    "FileSize": "7279",
    "MD5": "6E2F8616A01725DCB37BED0A2495AEB2",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "ProductCode": "8321",
    "SHA-1": "00000903319A8CE18A03DFA22C07C6CA43602061",
    "SpecialCode": ""
  },
  {
    "CRC32": "7A5407CA",
    "FileName": "wow64_microsoft-windows-i..timezones.resources_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.16299.579_de-de_f24979c73226184d.manifest",
    "FileSize": "2520",
    "MD5": "8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE4",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "ProductCode": "190742",
    "SHA-1": "00000079FD7AAC9B2F9C988C50750E1F50B27EB5",
    "SpecialCode": ""
  },
  {
    "CRC32": "7516A25F",
    "FileName": ".text._ZNSt14overflow_errorC1ERKSs",
    "FileSize": "33",
    "MD5": "344428FA4BA313712E4CA9B16D089AC4",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "ProductCode": "219181",
    "SHA-1": "0000001FFEF4BE312BAB534ECA7AEAA3E4684D85",
    "SpecialCode": ""
  }
]

Bulk search of SHA-1 hashes

curl -X 'POST'   'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/bulk/sha1' -H "Content-Type: application/json"  -d "{\"hashes\": [\"FFFFFDAC1B1B4C513896C805C2C698D9688BE69F\", \"FFFFFF4DB8282D002893A9BAF00E9E9D4BA45E65\", \"FFFFFE4C92E3F7282C7502F1734B243FA52326FB\"]}" | jq .

[
  {
    "CRC32": "CBD64CD9",
    "FileName": ".rela.dyn",
    "FileSize": "240",
    "MD5": "131312A96CAD4ACAA7E2631A34A0D47C",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "ProductCode": "163709",
    "SHA-1": "FFFFFDAC1B1B4C513896C805C2C698D9688BE69F",
    "SpecialCode": ""
  },
  {
    "CRC32": "8654F11A",
    "FileName": "s_copypix.c",
    "FileSize": "19541",
    "MD5": "559D049F44942683093A91BA19D0AF54",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "ProductCode": "215139",
    "SHA-1": "FFFFFF4DB8282D002893A9BAF00E9E9D4BA45E65",
    "SpecialCode": ""
  },
  {
    "CRC32": "8E51A269",
    "FileName": "358.git2-msvstfs.dll",
    "FileSize": "65",
    "MD5": "9E4C165089CBA3653484C3F23F1CBC67",
    "OpSystemCode": "362",
    "ProductCode": "201317",
    "SHA-1": "FFFFFE4C92E3F7282C7502F1734B243FA52326FB",
    "SpecialCode": ""
  }
]

Find parents or children of SHA-1 hashes

curl -s -X 'GET'   'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/parents/732458574c63c3790cad093a36eadfb990d11ee6/10/0'   -H 'accept: application/json' | jq .

{
  "parents": [
    "0844D3CB657F353AB2CE1DB164CE6BDFFD2BB6FD",
    "1A092638422762239916983CBB72DE7DDA4AC55C",
    "1D4AB60C729A361D46A90D92DEFACA518B2918D2",
    "1E10EA9987C122605DBE27813C264D123CD7F06D",
    "1EAE139BC814D30FD0A35EA65DE7B900D8F9B32E",
    "209721EED90BADEDFC6492BA88B2BE47C4FD227F",
    "2536D5629A9F4E70415C84D29832D78196E5DFCA",
    "314D0C987794C04CC36FF72F96512CEFE230C374",
    "36ACB0DA0279B63059D0CC5B85F3B157492FB00E",
    "423520AC1D58E3C4AA8834E70026DB930D9B2052"
  ],
  "cursor": "423520AC1D58E3C4AA8834E70026DB930D9B2052",
  "total": 42
}

curl -s -X 'GET'   'https://hashlookup.circl.lu/parents/732458574c63c3790cad093a36eadfb990d11ee6/10/423520AC1D58E3C4AA8834E70026DB930D9B2052'   -H 'accept: application/json' | jq .

{
  "parents": [
    "44F00A8980D93F7B4D0C2736BED583C936D60AC4",
    "4D81C1067049D8C804FE5FD2DA507664830D1374",
    "5910B8B3B9BA9D9A78BC0F5851EEF945A9031066",
    "59335138486480F9C28CDE7E99C636C0A3D78C96",
    "5FC0DA1534EBE056703A9A7F789BC4040C0576A0",
    "621B7639C3B4770AD4511B3477C0D26316C5BD7B",
    "64EB8E8FDF7A505F3ADCAA651197A393AD33597E",
    "669C2474462A883EDCC619F2EC8884F60DAB1C32",
    "6D2134F4245236DB19784B37DC8200A5AFF6D98A",
    "6F824CC9BA2D6CB6839144D1B697143309D98805"
  ],
  "cursor": "6F824CC9BA2D6CB6839144D1B697143309D98805",
  "total": 42
}

API and HTTP return codes

HTTP return code Description and Interpretation
200 200 means the searched hash is present in at least one of the database
404 404 means the searched hash is not present in the any of the database
400 400 means the input used for the hash is in an incorrect format

API and Session

A session feature can be enabled on the server side (not enabled on the public instance of CIRCL) to easily track submitted hashes.

The session created has a TTL, and after the expiration, the associated queries of the session will be removed. This feature can be used to separate different forensic analysis and gather all the results in one go later.

Create a session

A session can be created via the /session/create/ endpoint with the name of the session. If the session is recreated, the TTL is reset to the default value.

curl -X 'GET'   'http://127.0.0.1:5000/session/create/test'   -H 'accept: application/json'

{
  "message": "Session test created and session will expire in 86400 seconds"
}

Use a session

To assign the results to a specific session, the hashlookup_session header requires to be set with the name of the created session. This can be used on all the lookup api endpoints.

curl -X 'GET'   'http://127.0.0.1:5000/lookup/md5/8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE4'  -H 'hashlookup_session: test' -H 'accept: application/json' | jq .

Fetch a session

curl -s -X 'GET'   'http://127.0.0.1:5000/session/get/test' -H 'accept: application/json' | jq .

{
  "nx": [
    "8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE2",
    "8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE3"
  ],
  "exist": [
    "8ED4B4ED952526D89899E723F3488DE4"
  ],
  "info": "{'ip_addr': '127.0.0.1', 'user_agent': 'curl/7.78.0'}"
}

Querying the hashlookup database via DNS

The domain to query is <query>.dns.hashlookup.circl.lu. The query can be info or an MD5 or SHA-1 value.

Info of the hashlookup database

dig +short -t TXT info.dns.hashlookup.circl.lu | jq -j . | jq .

{
  "nsrl-version": "RDS Verion 2.73.1 - July 2021",
  "nsrl-NSRL-items": "165968856",
  "nsrl-Android-items": "33419323",
  "nsrl-iOS-items": "46447082",
  "nsrl-NSRLMfg": "543004",
  "nsrl-NSRLOS": "6414",
  "nsrl-NSRLProd": "333546",
  "hashlookup-version": "0.1"
}

Query of a hash

dig +short -t TXT 931606baaa7a2b4ef61198406f8fc3f4.dns.hashlookup.circl.lu | jq -j . | jq .

{
  "CRC32": "13C49389",
  "FileName": "ls",
  "FileSize": "133792",
  "MD5": "931606BAAA7A2B4EF61198406F8FC3F4",
  "OpSystemCode": "362",
  "ProductCode": "217853",
  "SHA-1": "D3A21675A8F19518D8B8F3CEF0F6A21DE1DA6CC7",
  "SpecialCode": ""
}

Sample digital forensic use-cases

How to quickly check a set of files in a local directory?

sha1sum * | cut -f1 -d" " | parallel 'curl  -s https://hashlookup.circl.lu/lookup/sha1/{}' | jq .

Negative output (hash not existing in the database) can be excluded with the -f option of curl.

sha1sum * | cut -f1 -d" " | parallel 'curl -f -s https://hashlookup.circl.lu/lookup/sha1/{}' | jq .

Libraries and Software available which use CIRCL hashlookup

License

This software is licensed under GNU Affero General Public License version 3.

  • Copyright (C) 2021-2022 CIRCL - Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg
  • Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Alexandre Dulaunoy