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Group short-lived and reclaimable kernel allocations

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This patch marks a number of allocations that are either short-lived such as
network buffers or are reclaimable such as inode allocations.  When something
like updatedb is called, long-lived and unmovable kernel allocations tend to
be spread throughout the address space which increases fragmentation.

This patch groups these allocations together as much as possible by adding a
new MIGRATE_TYPE.  The MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE type is for allocations that can be
reclaimed on demand, but not moved.  i.e.  they can be migrated by deleting
them and re-reading the information from elsewhere.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This commit is contained in:
Mel Gorman 2007-10-16 01:25:52 -07:00 committed by Linus Torvalds
parent c361be55b3
commit e12ba74d8f
16 changed files with 56 additions and 28 deletions
Show stats Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

3
fs/buffer.c
View file

@ -3169,7 +3169,8 @@ static void recalc_bh_state(void)
struct buffer_head *alloc_buffer_head(gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
struct buffer_head *ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(bh_cachep, gfp_flags);
struct buffer_head *ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(bh_cachep,
set_migrateflags(gfp_flags, __GFP_RECLAIMABLE));
if (ret) {
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ret->b_assoc_buffers);
get_cpu_var(bh_accounting).nr++;

4
fs/jbd/journal.c
View file

@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@ static int journal_init_journal_head_cache(void)
journal_head_cache = kmem_cache_create("journal_head",
sizeof(struct journal_head),
0, /* offset */
0, /* flags */
SLAB_TEMPORARY, /* flags */
NULL); /* ctor */
retval = 0;
if (journal_head_cache == 0) {
@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@ static int __init journal_init_handle_cache(void)
jbd_handle_cache = kmem_cache_create("journal_handle",
sizeof(handle_t),
0, /* offset */
0, /* flags */
SLAB_TEMPORARY, /* flags */
NULL); /* ctor */
if (jbd_handle_cache == NULL) {
printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD: failed to create handle cache\n");

6
fs/jbd/revoke.c
View file

@ -170,13 +170,15 @@ int __init journal_init_revoke_caches(void)
{
revoke_record_cache = kmem_cache_create("revoke_record",
sizeof(struct jbd_revoke_record_s),
0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL);
0,
SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_TEMPORARY,
NULL);
if (revoke_record_cache == 0)
return -ENOMEM;
revoke_table_cache = kmem_cache_create("revoke_table",
sizeof(struct jbd_revoke_table_s),
0, 0, NULL);
0, SLAB_TEMPORARY, NULL);
if (revoke_table_cache == 0) {
kmem_cache_destroy(revoke_record_cache);
revoke_record_cache = NULL;

13
fs/proc/base.c
View file

@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ static ssize_t proc_info_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
count = PROC_BLOCK_SIZE;
length = -ENOMEM;
if (!(page = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)))
if (!(page = __get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
goto out;
length = PROC_I(inode)->op.proc_read(task, (char*)page);
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ static ssize_t mem_read(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
goto out;
ret = -ENOMEM;
page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
goto out;
@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ static ssize_t mem_write(struct file * file, const char __user *buf,
goto out;
copied = -ENOMEM;
page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
goto out;
@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ static ssize_t proc_loginuid_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
/* No partial writes. */
return -EINVAL;
}
page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
return -ENOMEM;
length = -EFAULT;
@ -954,7 +954,8 @@ static int do_proc_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt,
char __user *buffer, int buflen)
{
struct inode * inode;
char *tmp = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL), *path;
char *tmp = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
char *path;
int len;
if (!tmp)
@ -1726,7 +1727,7 @@ static ssize_t proc_pid_attr_write(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
goto out;
length = -ENOMEM;
page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
goto out;

2
fs/proc/generic.c
View file

@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ proc_file_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t nbytes,
nbytes = MAX_NON_LFS - pos;
dp = PDE(inode);
if (!(page = (char*) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)))
if (!(page = (char*) __get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
return -ENOMEM;
while ((nbytes > 0) && !eof) {

15
include/linux/gfp.h
View file

@ -48,9 +48,10 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
#define __GFP_NOMEMALLOC ((__force gfp_t)0x10000u) /* Don't use emergency reserves */
#define __GFP_HARDWALL ((__force gfp_t)0x20000u) /* Enforce hardwall cpuset memory allocs */
#define __GFP_THISNODE ((__force gfp_t)0x40000u)/* No fallback, no policies */
#define __GFP_MOVABLE ((__force gfp_t)0x80000u) /* Page is movable */
#define __GFP_RECLAIMABLE ((__force gfp_t)0x80000u) /* Page is reclaimable */
#define __GFP_MOVABLE ((__force gfp_t)0x100000u) /* Page is movable */
#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT 20 /* Room for 20 __GFP_FOO bits */
#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT 21 /* Room for 21 __GFP_FOO bits */
#define __GFP_BITS_MASK ((__force gfp_t)((1 << __GFP_BITS_SHIFT) - 1))
/* This equals 0, but use constants in case they ever change */
@ -60,6 +61,8 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
#define GFP_NOIO (__GFP_WAIT)
#define GFP_NOFS (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO)
#define GFP_KERNEL (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS)
#define GFP_TEMPORARY (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | \
__GFP_RECLAIMABLE)
#define GFP_USER (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL)
#define GFP_HIGHUSER (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL | \
__GFP_HIGHMEM)
@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
#endif
/* This mask makes up all the page movable related flags */
#define GFP_MOVABLE_MASK (__GFP_MOVABLE)
#define GFP_MOVABLE_MASK (__GFP_RECLAIMABLE|__GFP_MOVABLE)
/* Control page allocator reclaim behavior */
#define GFP_RECLAIM_MASK (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS|\
@ -129,6 +132,12 @@ static inline enum zone_type gfp_zone(gfp_t flags)
return base + ZONE_NORMAL;
}
static inline gfp_t set_migrateflags(gfp_t gfp, gfp_t migrate_flags)
{
BUG_ON((gfp & GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) == GFP_MOVABLE_MASK);
return (gfp & ~(GFP_MOVABLE_MASK)) | migrate_flags;
}
/*
* There is only one page-allocator function, and two main namespaces to
* it. The alloc_page*() variants return 'struct page *' and as such

6
include/linux/mmzone.h
View file

@ -35,10 +35,12 @@
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_GROUP_BY_MOBILITY
#define MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE 0
#define MIGRATE_MOVABLE 1
#define MIGRATE_TYPES 2
#define MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE 1
#define MIGRATE_MOVABLE 2
#define MIGRATE_TYPES 3
#else
#define MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE 0
#define MIGRATE_UNRECLAIMABLE 0
#define MIGRATE_MOVABLE 0
#define MIGRATE_TYPES 1
#endif

2
include/linux/pageblock-flags.h
View file

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
/* Bit indices that affect a whole block of pages */
enum pageblock_bits {
PB_range(PB_migrate, 1), /* 1 bit required for migrate types */
PB_range(PB_migrate, 2), /* 2 bits required for migrate types */
NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS
};

4
include/linux/slab.h
View file

@ -24,12 +24,14 @@
#define SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN 0x00002000UL /* Align objs on cache lines */
#define SLAB_CACHE_DMA 0x00004000UL /* Use GFP_DMA memory */
#define SLAB_STORE_USER 0x00010000UL /* DEBUG: Store the last owner for bug hunting */
#define SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT 0x00020000UL /* Objects are reclaimable */
#define SLAB_PANIC 0x00040000UL /* Panic if kmem_cache_create() fails */
#define SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU 0x00080000UL /* Defer freeing slabs to RCU */
#define SLAB_MEM_SPREAD 0x00100000UL /* Spread some memory over cpuset */
#define SLAB_TRACE 0x00200000UL /* Trace allocations and frees */
/* The following flags affect the page allocator grouping pages by mobility */
#define SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT 0x00020000UL /* Objects are reclaimable */
#define SLAB_TEMPORARY SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT /* Objects are short-lived */
/*
* ZERO_SIZE_PTR will be returned for zero sized kmalloc requests.
*

2
kernel/cpuset.c
View file

@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ static ssize_t cpuset_common_file_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
ssize_t retval = 0;
char *s;
if (!(page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)))
if (!(page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
return -ENOMEM;
s = page;

6
lib/radix-tree.c
View file

@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ radix_tree_node_alloc(struct radix_tree_root *root)
struct radix_tree_node *ret;
gfp_t gfp_mask = root_gfp_mask(root);
ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep,
set_migrateflags(gfp_mask, __GFP_RECLAIMABLE));
if (ret == NULL && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT)) {
struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
@ -142,7 +143,8 @@ int radix_tree_preload(gfp_t gfp_mask)
rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
while (rtp->nr < ARRAY_SIZE(rtp->nodes)) {
preempt_enable();
node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep,
set_migrateflags(gfp_mask, __GFP_RECLAIMABLE));
if (node == NULL)
goto out;
preempt_disable();

10
mm/page_alloc.c
View file

@ -172,7 +172,10 @@ static void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
static inline int gfpflags_to_migratetype(gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
return ((gfp_flags & __GFP_MOVABLE) != 0);
WARN_ON((gfp_flags & GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) == GFP_MOVABLE_MASK);
return (((gfp_flags & __GFP_MOVABLE) != 0) << 1) |
((gfp_flags & __GFP_RECLAIMABLE) != 0);
}
#else
@ -676,8 +679,9 @@ static int prep_new_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
* the free lists for the desirable migrate type are depleted
*/
static int fallbacks[MIGRATE_TYPES][MIGRATE_TYPES-1] = {
[MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_MOVABLE },
[MIGRATE_MOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE },
[MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_MOVABLE },
[MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE, MIGRATE_MOVABLE },
[MIGRATE_MOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE },
};
/*

4
mm/shmem.c
View file

@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ static inline struct page *shmem_dir_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask)
* BLOCKS_PER_PAGE on indirect pages, assume PAGE_CACHE_SIZE:
* might be reconsidered if it ever diverges from PAGE_SIZE.
*
* __GFP_MOVABLE is masked out as swap vectors cannot move
* Mobility flags are masked out as swap vectors cannot move
*/
return alloc_pages((gfp_mask & ~__GFP_MOVABLE) | __GFP_ZERO,
return alloc_pages((gfp_mask & ~GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) | __GFP_ZERO,
PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT);
}

2
mm/slab.c
View file

@ -1643,6 +1643,8 @@ static void *kmem_getpages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
#endif
flags |= cachep->gfpflags;
if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
flags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
page = alloc_pages_node(nodeid, flags, cachep->gfporder);
if (!page)

3
mm/slub.c
View file

@ -1055,6 +1055,9 @@ static struct page *allocate_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node)
if (s->flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA)
flags |= SLUB_DMA;
if (s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
flags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
if (node == -1)
page = alloc_pages(flags, s->order);
else